Lix54-100从印刷电路板蚀刻废液中回收铜

本文对Lix5 4 10 0萃取剂萃取铜氨料液中铜的性能做了研究 ,发现其具有动力学速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃容易及不萃氨等特点。并把其应用于印刷电路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收 ,在铜初始浓度为 15 6.96g/L ,相比为 2∶1条件下 ,用 80 %Lix5 4 10 0 -煤油经过三级错流萃取 ,铜的浓度可下降到 2 6.88g/L。三级总萃取率达 82 .87%。由此设计推荐了无废排放工艺流程 ,实现了经济效益和环境效益的统一     

交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合颗粒可见光催化脱色活性艳红

利用壳聚糖对金属离子的吸附和螯合作用，通过简单的液相沉淀一还原过程一步原位合成了交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合粒子。x射线衍射（XRD）和红外（FT—IR）测试结果表明，壳聚糖与Cu2O纳米微粒能有效复合。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为模拟印染废水，采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood假一级方程模拟交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合粒子光催化脱色反应的动力学行为，从动力学角度系统研究染料初始浓度、反应体系pH、催化剂用量和反应体系气氛等因素对复合粒子可见光催化脱色反应速率的影响。结果表明，当染料溶液浓度较低时，光催化过程可视为假一级反应。降低活性艳红X-3B初始浓度和pH，增加催化剂用量和反应体系的含O2量都可显著增加光解脱色反应速率常数。相同条件下，与纯Cu2O相比，交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合粒子对X-3B呈现出更好的吸附性和更高的可见光催化活性。     

酸处理青霉菌对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学和热力学研究

采用青霉菌菌体作为吸附剂对染料活性艳红X-3B进行吸附研究,考察了染料的初始质量浓度、pH值和温度对菌体吸附能力的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,经硝酸处理后的菌体吸附能力明显增强,在pH值为3时,吸附量达到最大. 吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程来表达,平衡时吸附量的计算值和实验值吻合很好,相关系数可达0.999 8. 硝酸处理的菌体对活性艳红的吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程表达.当温度为25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃时,饱和吸附量分别为250.0 mg/g、322.6 mg/g、400 mg/g、416.7 mg/g.温度升高,吸附量增大,表明该吸附反应是吸热反应.根据热力学函数关系计算出ΔH＝35.13 kJ/mol,ΔS＝125.17 J/(mol·K),ΔG为-2.13～-4.03 kJ/mol,表明菌体对活性艳红的吸附是自发过程.     

Enhanced degradation of bioremediation residues in petroleum-contaminated soil using a two-liquid-phase bioslurry reactor

A study was performed to determine the potential of two-liquid-phase (TLP) bioslurry reactors using silicon oil as solvent for degradation of residual contaminants in petroleum-contaminated soil. The residues were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. This allowed for the identification of a mixture of residual biomarkers, metabolic byproducts, oxygenated and hetero-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The removal amount of total extractable organics (TEO) was 15 900 mg kg⁻¹ soil in the TLP reactor within 12 weeks. However, TEO remained intact in the bioslurry reactor without the addition of silicon oil for the duration of the experiment, due to high toxicity of metabolites to the microorganisms. The availability of TEO was calculated using a mild extraction with Triton X-100, and the amount of TEO extracted was in accord with the amount of biodegraded TEO. Significantly reduced toxicity in soil was observed at week 12 through TLP remediation. Dehydrogenase activity in the bioslurry reactor was strongly suppressed. Fluorescein diacetate was significantly hydrolyzed by the composition of bioremediation residues in the contaminated soil. Microbial adhesion to the solvent was revealed by the determination of microbial activity in the water-immiscible-liquid.     

近百年重庆主城区汛期降水及其集中期的变化特征

利用一种改进的定义汛期降水集中期的方法对重庆主城区近百余年汛期降水集中期进行了划分，并分析了集中期的重心日、雨量及其与汛期降水总量的关系。结果表明：近百余年重庆主城区汛期降水量线性变化趋势不明显，阶段变化显著。百余年来发生过两次突变，分别发生于1914年和1925年，分别突变为增加和减少趋势。3 a左右的周期为汛期降水的主要周期。6月为降水集中期重心日发生最多的月份，8月出现相对较少，4月上半月和10月均没有出现过。近百余年重庆主城区降水集中期雨量及其占汛期降水总量的比例表现为线性增加的趋势，它们的阶段性变化比较一致，尤其是21世纪以来近10 a显著偏多。集中期雨量与汛期降水之间存在很好的相关关系，但是在某些特殊年份上也存在差异。15 d滑动统计方法划分的集中期雨量作为一种极端气候事件，具有较强描述灾害事件的能力，但其极端特殊性可能会表现在某些特殊年份或年际间的变化中，充分认识其规律，能为诊断和预测业务提供更为可靠的参考依据     

Kinetic characterizing of soil trace metal availability using Soil/EDTA/Chelex mixture

The kinetic aspects are not usually tackled when mimicking the soil trace metal mobilization. In this work, a simple procedure is developed for measuring the kinetics of Pb, Cu and Cd transfer from the soil solid phase towards a resin sink. A ternary system of Soil/EDTA/Chelex was employed for mimicking the metal transfer from two agricultural soil samples into the Chelex. Two different kinetic regimes (P₁ and P₂) were observed. The kinetic profile of Pb was distinctly different from those of Cd and Cu. Basing on kinetic principles, two kinetic models were proposed for estimating the apparent rate constants of leaching and removal processes in, respectively, two binary mixtures of soil/EDTA and EDTA extracts/Chelex. Contrary to Pb, solid phase pools of Cd and Cu exchanged with the solution on short time scales. The kinetic rate of desorption occurred in following order: Pb < Cu ? Cd. Comparing the kinetics of binary systems, the desorption process was hypothesized to control the metal transfer. The parameters related to the desorption process were extended to the kinetic regimes of Soil/EDTA/Chelex and revealed that the soil to Chelex transfer of Pb is under kinetics control whereas the bulk concentration (affected by the size of particulate reservoir) is likely to control the Cd transfer. Cu presents an intermediate case.     

染料活性艳红X-3B的微生物脱色研究

实验研究了以葡萄糖为外加碳源、由酵母膏提供氮源时不同的影响条件下紫色非硫光合细菌的混合菌种对染料活性艳红X-3B的脱色效果。结果表明,随着葡萄糖浓度的增大,脱色率反而下降;酵母膏的浓度对脱色效果影响很大,它在脱色过程中起到氮平衡的作用;当葡萄糖和酵母膏的浓度分别为0.125%和0.3%时,X-3B的脱色效果最佳。所选实验条件下,染料浓度在500mg/L以下X-3B脱色效果很好,对菌种没有明显的抑制作用;染料浓度在500～1000mg/L之间变化时,虽然对菌种有抑制作用,染料最终仍能完全脱色。温度在30℃时,pH在3～10范围内染料均有较好的脱色效果。     

超声波协同零价铁降解活性艳红X-3B

通过比较超声波、零价铁单独作用及其联用对X-3B的降解效果,探讨了超声波-零价铁体系降解X-3B的协同效应,考察了溶液pH、超声功率、超声时间等因素对协同效应的影响.结果表明,X-3B难以被超声波直接降解,在实验条件下获得的最高去除率仅为7.75%;在pH为5.0、7.0、9.0时,超声波与零价铁在降解X-3B时发生协同效应,相对两者单独作用对X-3B的去除率的简单加和,协同体系对X-3B的去除率分别提高1.68、1.76、1.67倍.在pH7.0时,协同处理25min后X-3B的去除率可达99.42%.在pH3.0时,零价铁直接还原X-3B的速率大于协同体系,但两者降解机理明显不同,前者仅把X-3B分解成小分子中间体,而后者可使X-3B彻底分解.研究认为,在pH5.0～7.0及超声功率为400～600W时,超声波-零价铁协同体系可有效地降解X-3B.     

DX—100型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定

本文介绍了ＤＸ－１００型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴，阳离子的测定，以东北五大连池地区白龙洞和水晶宫为例，介绍了阴，阳离子测定在分析化学物质来源和成冰过程中的重要作用。     

生物质吸附剂处理活性艳红X-3B废水

采用城市污水处理厂二沉池的剩余活性污泥为原料，以浓度为3mol／L的ZnCl2溶液浸泡污泥，采用水蒸气为活化气和保护气，在600℃下活化污泥3h，制备出性能良好的生物质吸附剂，其碘吸附值为388．95mg／g，比表面积为447．79m^2／g，平均孔径为4．39nm，孔体积为0．31cm^3／g，微孔体积为0．09cm^3/g。实验结果表明，用该生物质吸附剂处理活性艳红X-3B废水，在废水（10mL）中活性艳红X-3B质量浓度为300mg／L、生物质吸附剂加入量为0．20g、吸附时间为30min的条件下，废水脱色率可达99．7％。活性艳红X-3B在生物质吸附剂上的吸附行为遵循Lagergren二级动力学规律，同时也可用一级吸附动力学方程描述。